September, 1996
ODP Report No. 12A
Occupational Disease Panel (Industrial Disease Standards Panel)
Toronto
Occupational Disease Panel
In 1985, the Ontario legislature established the Industrial Disease Standards Panel to investigate and identify diseases related to work. The Panel is independent of both the Ministry of Labour and the Workers' Compensation Board. At the end of each fiscal year the WCB reimburses the Ministry for the Panel's expenditures. In 1995, the name was changed to the Occupational Disease Panel (ODP).
The Panel's authority flows from section 95 of the Workers' Compensation Act and its functions are set out as follows:
95(8)
(b) to make findings as to whether a probable connection exists between a disease and an industrial process, trade or occupation in Ontario;
(c) to create, develop and revise criteria for the evaluation of claims respecting industrial diseases; and
(d) to advise on eligibility rules regarding compensation for claims.
Decisions of the Panel are made by its members who represent labour, management, scientific, medical and community interests. Once the Panel makes a finding, the WCB is required to publish the Panel's report in the Ontario Gazette and solicit comments from interested parties. After considering the submissions the WCB Board of
Directors decide if the Panel's recommendations are to be implemented, amended or rejected.
To assist with its work, the Panel has a small staff of researchers, analysts and support people. In addition to its own staff, the Panel relies heavily on the advice of outside experts in science, medicine and law, as well as input from parties of interest.
Additional copies of this publication are available by writing:
Occupational Disease Panel
69 Yonge Street, Suite 1004
Toronto, Ontario M5E 1K3
(416) 327-4156
Ms. Nicolette Carlan (Chair) | May 16, 1991 to May 15, 1997 |
Mr. James Brophy | January 23, 1992 to January 22, 1998 |
Dr. Carol Buck | June 1, 1991 to June 16, 1997 |
Mr. William Elliott | November 7, 1991 to November 6, 1997 |
Mr. John Macnamara | November 7, 1991 to November 6, 1997 |
Mr. Homer Seguin | May 28, 1992 to May 27, 1998 |
Dr. Michael Wills | November 7, 1991 to November 6, 1997 |
Panel Staff | |
Carolyn Archer | Senior Research Officer |
Robert Chase | Medical Consultant |
Francis Macri | Policy Analyst |
Cara Melbye | Policy Analyst |
Anne Rekenye | Data Entry Clerk |
Tracy Soyka | Project Co-Ordinator |
Barry Spinner | Policy Analyst |
Salima Storey | Administrative Officer |
George Tomlinson | Biostatistician |
Jason Tung | Occupational Hygienist |
Introduction
Background
Refinement of Cohort
Results
Overall
Sintering Plant
Underground Production Mining(UGPM)
Milling
Smelting
Refining
Iron Ore Recovery Plant(IORP)
Transportation and Maintenance Personnel
Discussion
Conclusion
Glossary and Tables
Tables
Table 5. Adjusted SIR's
Lung Cancer incidence - Underground Mining
Table 12. Cause-specific SMR
Combined cohort (never sinter)
Table 13. Cause-specific SMR
Combined cohort (any sinter)
Table 14. Cause-specific SMR
Combined cohort UGPM (never sinter)
Table 15. Cause-specific SMR
Combined Sudbury Cohort (never UGPM) (never sinter)
Table 21. Lung Cancer
Sudbury Cohort (never sinter)
Table 22. Lung Cancer
INCO Port Colborne (never sinter)
Table 23. Lung Cancer
INCO Sintering - Copper Cliff & Port Colborne
Table 24. Lung Cancer
Copper Cliff Sinter Plant
Table 25 Lung Cancer
Other Sintering - Falconbridge & Coniston Sinter Plants
Table 26 Lung Cancer
INCO-Falconbridge combined UGPM (never sinter)
Table 27. Lung Cancer
INCO-Falconbridge UGPM (never sinter)
Table 28. Lung Cancer SIRs & CMFs
INCO UGPM, hourly & foreman (never sinter) by decade of 1st exposure
Table 30. Lung Cancer SIRs & CMFs
Falconbridge UGPM (never sinter) by decade of 1st exposure
Table 32. Lung Cancer Risk Estimates
INCO-Falconbridge combined milling (never sinter)
Table 33. Lung Cancer Risk Estimates
INCO-Falconbridge Milling (never sinter)
Table 34. Lung Cancer Risk Estimates
INCO-Falconbridge combined smelting (never sinter)
Table 35. Lung Cancer Risk Estimates
INCO Copper Cliff & Coniston Smelters (never sinter)
Table 36. Lung Cancer Risk Estimates
Falconbridge smelter
Table 37. Lung Cancer Risk Estimates
INCO Copper Cliff Refinery and Tankhouse (never sinter)
Table 38. Lung Cancer Risk Estimates
INCO Iron Ore Recovery Plant (never sinter)
Table 39. Lung Cancer Risk Estimates
INCO Transportation & Maintenance Personnel (never sinter)
Introduction
In 1990, the Industrial Disease Standards Panel (now the Occupational Disease Panel (ODP)), contracted with a research team at McMaster University to undertake a comprehensive morbidity study of laryngeal and other cancers among nickel workers in Ontario. A summary of the findings of this study as they pertain to lung cancer among nickel workers is presented in the following pages and should be regarded as supplemental to pages 26-29 of the Occupational Disease Panel's report No.12, "Report to the Workers' Compensation Board on Lung Cancer in the Hardrock Mining Industry ", March 1994 (3).
Background
In a letter dated September 15, 1988, Dr. Robert G. Elgie, Chairman of the Workers' Compensation Board, asked the Panel "to review the Board's current guidelines on the adjudication of claims for laryngeal cancer in the nickel industry " (2). In particular, the Board requested advice with respect to the following questions:
1) Is there a causal relationship between occupational exposure to nickel and the development of laryngeal cancer?
2) If yes, what should be the criteria and eligibility rules for evaluation of claims respecting laryngeal cancer among nickel-exposed workers?
Of particular concern at the time of the referral was that the majority of studies reviewed to date had focused on mortality data as an endpoint, rather than incidence data. Since laryngeal cancer has a high survival rate, substantial numbers of workers with laryngeal cancer could have been missed if only deaths were counted. Hence suspicions regarding increased risks from laryngeal cancer among nickel workers could neither be proved nor disproved.
Accordingly, the Panel contracted with Dr. David Muir and colleagues at McMaster University to conduct a study of the incidence of cancer of the larynx among Ontario nickel workers at INCO and Falconbridge. Because previous studies had also shown pockets of other cancers among various occupational subgroups within the nickel industry, the ODP requested that other cancers, especially respiratory, be included. Dr. Muir is Head of the Occupational Health Program, the unit which conducted the previous mortality studies on Ontario nickel workers.
A revised protocol was accepted by the Panel in February, 1990 and an addendum adding the Falconbridge cohort was approved in September, 1990. This exhaustive combined cohort study was therefore underway during the time of the Panel deliberations that resulted in Report No. 12 on the hardrock mining industry. Report No.12 contains a summary of findings of the earlier mortality studies conducted by various McMaster teams as they pertained to lung cancer.
A draft report of the incidence study was received in April, 1995 and sent out to three peer reviewers as is the practice of the Panel. These reviews were shared with the McMaster team. The final report, "A Study of Cancer Incidence in Ontario Nickel Workers" was received by the Panel on January 15, 1996 (5).
Refinement of the Cohort
The process for defining the cohort from two large nickel operations was exceedingly complex. The original INCO cohort assembled by Roberts and colleagues consisted of approximately 54,500 men while Shannon et al.'s Falconbridge cohort comprised about 11,600. In addition, more than 2500 men worked for both companies. Difficulties in reconciling job titles between the two corporations were also encountered because the activities were not identical. The process at Falconbridge did not include the final refining process. Because of earlier and strong evidence linking Ontario sintering operations with sino-nasal and lung cancer, workers with any sintering plant experience were removed from the main cohort to form one of many sub-cohorts.
Because few reliable exposure estimates were available, INCO cohort members were classified into sub-groups by process and/or location based on their hierarchical job codes. These classifications were originally designed for payroll and accounting purposes. Falconbridge, on the other hand, assigned workers as exposed or unexposed based on hygiene assessments of areas defined by department codes.
Following a preliminary presentation of the study results at a meeting in September, 1994, Panel members expressed concern that the development of the INCO cohort using job classifications intended for payroll and accounting needs had diluted the actual workplace cohorts by including large numbers of unexposed and out-of-Province nickel workers. Accordingly, the Panel requested that the research team:
The Panel also requested various sub-group analyses for both cohorts, a detailed description of which can be found in the McMaster report on page 19.
Seven linkages involving three agencies were further supplemented by additional diligent efforts on the part of the McMaster team to resolve conflicts and questionable links. This cohort should now reflect the best ascertainment to date with the longest period of follow-up of nickel workers in Ontario. It is hoped that these herculean efforts have resulted in what is now the most accurate analysis to date of cancer, and in particular, lung cancer, in this large working population.
The data on lung cancer among nickel workers from this study therefore forms the basis of this Addendum to the Hardrock Mining Report and should be viewed as supplemental to pages 26-29 of Panel Report No.12.
Results
For reasons outlined in the full report, the McMaster team used several outcome measures. For simplicity's sake and as the study was originally commissioned to analyze cancer incidence, the results in this Addendum are described for the Standard Incidence Ratio (SIR) only(1). Charts from the Muir/Julian study referred to in this text are included as Appendix A.
Overall
Tables 21 through 39 in the McMaster Study depict the incidence of lung cancer among the various cohorts and sub-cohorts. Data for the large Sudbury area cohorts of INCO and Falconbridge workers, never sinter exposed, are shown in Table 21. INCO workers show a statistically significant excess risk for lung cancer (SIR=134) with 35+ years duration of exposure(DOE)(2). The INCO Port Colborne cohort, never sinter, shows no excess risk (Table 22).
Sintering Plant
Copper Cliff and Port Colborne L,C&S(3)
As shown in previous studies (6,7,1), an increase in lung cancer risk is apparent, even among workers exposed for short durations, at the Copper Cliff sintering plant and less marked in the Port Colborne L,C&S plant(Table 23). A statistically significant SIR was reached with less than three months of exposure in the Copper Cliff operation (SIR=193) and with three to six months of exposure (SIR=228) at the Port Colborne facility.
Copper Cliff Port Colborne ------------ ------------- DOE SIR SIR <1mo 47 133 1<3mo 193* 83 3<6mo 90 228* 6<12mo 209* 186 01<02yr 228* 126 02-04yr 308* 138 05-09yr 457* 298* >10yr 729* 283.5*
* = statistically significant
The increased incidence at Copper Cliff appeared within 10 years or more since first exposure (YSFE) but not until 15 YSFE at Port Colborne. The lifespan of the Copper Cliff sintering plant was short (1948-1963). Table 24 reflects the investigators' attempt to evaluate reports that process changes made in late 1951 greatly reduced the risks for lung (and nasal) cancer. Most of the lung cancer cases occurred in the group first exposed before 1952, leaving few cases in the exposure cells in 1952 or later. Even so, each of the several summary methods is elevated beyond one year and reaches statistical significance after 5 years.
Coniston and Falconbridge
Table 25 shows a statistically significant elevation overall for the Falconbridge sinter plant cohort (SIR=141). However, there is not a completely regular increase in risk with duration of exposure. The Coniston operation shows an increasing trend with duration but is limited by small numbers of cases.(4)
Falconbridge INCO Coniston ------------ ------------- DOE SIR SIR <3mo 149 3<6mo 169 6<12mo 104 79 01<02yr 124 02-04yr 180 179 05-09yr 93 461 10+yr 194 162 All 141* 173
* = statistically significant
Underground Production Mining (UGPM)
Table 26 shows the risk estimates for lung cancer in the combined INCO-Falconbridge cohort (28,270 and 6,046 men respectively) by duration of exposure. The SIR at 25-29 years of exposure is a statistically significant 142. Tests for trend were significant beyond 20 years for the combined cohort. Table 27 shows that the SIR for INCO reaches statistical significance in the 25-29 year cell (SIR=132) and rises to 178 in the 35+ cell(Table 27). Falconbridge SIRs do not reach statistical significance in the SIR outcome measure, possibly due to the smaller number of observed and expected deaths, the authors postulate. However, the combined INCO-Falconbridge underground mining cohort is a statistically significant 171, in the 35+ cell.
INCO Falconbridge Combined ---- ------------ -------- DOE SIR SIR SIR 00<01 66 59 62 01<02 82 94 79 02-04 86 57 77 05-09 95 106 97 10-14 81 100 86 15-19 108 148 118 20-24 111 135 106 25-29 132* 158 142* 30-34 133* 184 139* 35+ 178* 135 171*
* = statistically significant
The authors also examined possible effects of changes in mining methods and hence possibly exposures over time by forming sub-cohorts by decade of first exposure to nickel mining (Table 28).
For the INCO UGPM cohort, the SIRs of those who first mined before 1930 are almost all statistically significant, regardless of duration of exposure. Dose-response trends are inconsistent for 1930-1939 and 1940-49, while INCO miners first exposed in the 50's show a trend for increasing risk with exposure after 15 years or more. Those most recently exposed in 1960 or later show an unexpectedly large excess (SIR of 195, but not statistically significant) for durations of one to two years.
An analysis by number of years worked for each of the decades of first nickel exposure revealed that for the pre-1930 workers there was a flat relative risk, but for the other decades, there was an increasing trend after 20 years employment and statistically significant risk in the 35+ cell, with SIRs ranging from 122 to 147). The curious cluster of 9 cancer cases in the one to two year bin first nickel exposed after 1960, now appears in the 15 to 20 years duration of work level (SIR=167). In other words, these cases had worked in other departments for INCO for at least 14 years.
The Falconbridge data show similar patterns but are more difficult to assess for trend because of the relatively small number of cases spread over many cells (Table 30). In the miners first exposed between 1940 and 1949, a linear trend is apparent from fifteen years on and statistically significant doubling of the risk occurs with 25 or more years of exposure.(5) The risk estimates for 1950-59 show no statistically significant excesses, while for those first exposed in 1960 or later, 11 of the 13 cases observed occur in those exposed for 10 years or more (SIR 259) overall.
Milling
Relative risk estimates for lung cancer in the combined milling cohort and in the company-specific cohorts show no trends of increasing risk with increasing duration of exposure (Tables 32-33). However, the INCO millers showed a scattered pattern of elevated SIRs and for those with between one and five years exposure, the SIR was a statistically significant 153.
Smelting
The combined cohort showed no indication of an increased risk with any duration examined (Table 34). The company-specific results, broken down into INCO's Copper Cliff and Coniston smelter operations, and Falconbridge's smelter, did not show any increased incidence of lung cancer. The latter analysis was based on a very small number of exposed workers as a result of the removal of the sinter plant workers and many men who had worked as smelter labourers (Table 35). When these sinter plant workers were added back to the "pure" smelter worker cohort, two and three-fold elevated risks, though not statistically significant, were seen in workers with two to 10 years smelter experience [p.79] (Table 36).
Refining
INCO's Copper Cliff refinery workers show elevated risks especially with exposures of greater than 25 years, although not statistically significant. Workers with greater than 30 years exposure in the tankhouse department exhibit a risk two to three times normal, although again, not statistically significant (Table 37). Falconbridge ships their nickel matte to Norway for refining and hence has no Ontario refining facility.
Iron Ore Recovery Plant (INCO)
Most of the lung cancer cases are again clustered in the lowest duration categories suggesting, according to the authors, that most of these men are probably longer duration employees who worked only a short time in the Iron plant. There is a non-significant two-fold elevation in the 5 to 9 year exposure period.
Transportation and Maintenance Personnel
All hourly non-sinter employees and foremen from any of the transportation and maintenance, including electrical, departments from INCO's Sudbury and Port Colborne operations were placed in this cohort. A subset from only the mines was also analyzed (Table 39). No elevated risks for lung cancer are seen either in the overall T&M group or the mining subset.
Discussion
In general, the results of this comprehensive morbidity study confirm and extend the earlier mortality data regarding elevated lung cancer risk among some subgroups of Ontario nickel workers. Some particular features of this latest study, however, require additional discussion.
Refinement of the cohort:
As noted previously in this Addendum, salaried and non-Ontario employees were removed from the various INCO sub-cohorts and placed in the Transportation, Maintenance and Electrical group (Table 39). The complete lack of any elevated risks for lung cancer in this sub-cohort, especially in the sub-cohort of Mine Transportation and Maintenance workers, underscores the value of removing them from the exposed categories. It is likely that the earlier mortality studies on the INCO cohort underestimated the true risk of lung cancer due to the dilution effect caused by the inclusion of some 12,000(6) out-of-Province, non-exposed or part-time exposed workers and their accompanying person years.
Differences by Decade Hired
As mentioned previously, study results seem to indicate a pattern of increased lung cancer risk in the UGPM group first hired after 1960 (Tables 28 & 30). Although it is generally agreed that with improving ventilation and more modern techniques, dust levels have decreased since the earliest days in the mines, new processes have been introduced. Diesel engines appeared in underground mines in Ontario in the early sixties and were in widespread use by the seventies. Diesel engine exhaust has been designated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as "probably" carcinogenic to humans (IARC Group 2A). The exhaust is a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, soot, nitrites and formaldehyde.
It is probable that this latest follow-up of this cohort has revealed lung cancer cases resulting from these more modern mining exposures. As the authors stated at their presentation to the Panel and stakeholders in Sudbury, the three-fold risk after ten years of exposure "has to be work-related".
Out-of-Province Migration and Other Ore Experience
The McMaster team devoted considerable thought and expertise to what they perceived to be a major problem with differential loss to follow up in this cohort. Dr. Muir and colleagues concluded that nickel workers, and more specifically miners, with short duration of employment, tended to leave the Province in greater numbers than long term employees. Hence underascertainment of cases was greater among short term workers than among those with longer duration of employment. This would tend to lower the SIRs for the short DOE groups and would give the appearance of increasing SIRs by DOE even if no such trend existed.
However, set against this problem is another bias uninvestigated by the McMaster team. From previous analysis of the Mining Master File(MMF), it is known that only approximately 16% of nickel miners worked exclusively in that ore. A further analysis of patterns of work among miners listed in the MMF conducted by ODP staff reveals that miners with only a short time in nickel tended to have more time in other ores than miners with a long time mining nickel(8). Over forty percent of the person years that would be assigned to the 0-1 "years of nickel" group come after five or more years of exposure to other ores. Twenty percent of the person years come after 10 years of exposure to other ores. Of the 6,855 workers who have mined nickel for 5-10 years, 4221 of them (61.6%) show no other ore experience. For the longest term workers, time spent in other ores is minimal.
It is known that working in uranium or gold increases lung cancer risk and hence some of the risk of lung cancer in the short duration nickel miners will be a result of mining these other ores. The effect will be to inflate the SIRs for the short duration of exposure groups relative to the true SIR for mining only nickel, and to reduce the apparent trend with duration of exposure.
In Table 5 the authors attempt to correct for the ascertainment bias by giving adjusted SIRs in the last column to the right. In all but the 10-14 duration of exposure sub-group, the adjusted SIRs are equal to or exceed 100 which could reflect either an underascertainment problem or other ore experience. Table 5 also indicates that for nickel workers after 25 years of exposure, the adjusted SIRs are statistically significant. These men would have had minimal exposure to other ores.
Neither of these problems appears as serious after 15 or more years of nickel mining.
Smoking
As mentioned above, the combined cohort of underground miners showed statistically significant elevated SIRs for lung cancer at 25+ years and significant trends for increased risk with duration of employment >20 years.
In their presentation to stakeholders in September, 1995, the McMaster team presented data that effectively addresses the oft-voiced concern that the excess lung cancer risk among the underground mining cohort can be attributed to smoking. The researchers examined the effect of duration of exposure on lung cancer risk among workers at various ages. When they examined the risk for all miners age 50-59, for example, they found the data showed the same pattern of increasing lung cancer risk with increasing exposure. If smoking were the most significant cause of the excess lung cancer in this cohort, one would expect to see no trend with DOE, in other words, a flat line for the 50-59 year old group. The assumption is that workers of the same age, living in the same locale, and working in the same industry would have similar smoking histories. The results are depicted graphically in Figure 1.
Kusiak et al. reported no association between the proportion of smokers and cumulative exposure to radon-progeny in his uranium miners cohort(4). In other words, there is no evidence that the number of smokers increases with time spent mining.
In addition, Tables 12 - 15 examine several causes of death for various cohort combinations. There is no excess respiratory disease deaths for any group studied. There is a statistically significant excess of cardiovascular disease mortality apparent in the 1964-84 period, which is peculiar since that time period is associated with a general declining trend
in cardiovascular disease mortality in North America. However, the absence of concomitant increased risk of death from respiratory disease suggests that there is no positive confounding by smoking in this cohort.
Smoking is not a satisfactory explanation for the pattern of increased risks seen in this study.
Conclusion
In 1994, the Panel concluded that there was a "probable connection" between lung cancer and all hardrock mining.
The Panel is of the unanimous opinion that the results of this most recent study confirm the Panel's earlier conclusion that there is a "probable connection" between lung cancer and nickel mining.
In addition, the findings support the whole of the hardrock mining report with evidence that working in other ores contributes to lung cancer excess, and that smoking cannot provide a satisfactory explanation for the excesses seen.
The results reconfirm that some sub-groups of workers in the nickel mining industry have statistically significant increases in lung cancer that cannot be attributed to any non-work confounder. This comprehensive report should be of immense help to the Panel and the Board in delineating a reasonable rebuttal matrix for lung cancer among hardrock miners.
1. Chovil, A.; Sutherland, R. B.;Halliday, M. Respiratory cancer in a cohort of nickel sinter plant workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. Vol.38,no.4(1981). p.327-33.
2. Elgie, R.G. [Letter of referral requesting the IDSP to review the Board's current guidelines on the adjudication of claims for lung cancer in the nickel industry]. September 15, 1988.
3. Industrial Disease Standards Panel (IDSP). Report to the Workers' Compensation Board on Lung Cancer in the Hardrock Mining Industry. (IDSP Report No.12). Toronto: Industrial Disease Standards Panel, March 1994.
4. Kusiak, R.A.;Ritchie, A.C.;Muller, J.;Springer, J. Mortality from lung cancer in Ontario uranium miners. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. Vol.50(1993). p.920-28.
5. Muir, D.M.;Julian, J.A. A Study of Cancer Incidence in Ontario Nickel Workers. Report prepared for the Occupational Disease Panel. January 15, 1996.
6. Sutherland, R.B. Summary Report on Respiratory Cancer Mortality 1930-57. Unpublished report to INCO. Port Colborne, Ontario: International Nickel Company of Canada, November 27, 1959.
7. Sutherland, R.B. Mortality Among Sinter Workers. Unpublished report to INCO. Copper Cliff, Ontario: International Nickel Company of Canada, January 17, 1969.
8. Tomlinson, G. [Memorandum to C. Archer]. December 30,1995.
GLOSSARY FOR TABLES:
YSFE Years Since First Exposure
CMF Comparative Morbidity (or Mortality) Figure
The CMF is the ratio of the weighted incidence rate for the cohort to the weighted incidence rate for the comparison group. The weights are given by the proportion of the reference population in each stratum. With
Ri = reference incidence rate in age-year group i
Wi = proportion of reference population in age-group i
Di = number of cases in study age-year group i
Ni = number of person years in age-year group i
CMF = the sum of WiDi / Ni the sum of weight* cohort incidence rate ------------------------- = ----------------------------- the sum of Wi Ri the sum of weight* reference incidence rate
The study population rates are usually based on rather small numbers of cases, so they are not very "stable" and as a result, a difference of one or two cases in the study population can have a large effect on the CMF.
PcMR Proportionate Cancer Morbidity (or Mortality) Ratio
Define DS as the number of cancers with the diagnosis of interest in the study group and DR as the number of cancers of the same type in the reference group.
Define TS as the total number of cancers in the study group and TR as the total number in the reference group. TS and TR may be defined to exclude certain cancers known to be associated with exposure, other than the diagnosis of interest.
PcMR is the ratio of the fractions of cancers with the diagnosis of interest in the study and reference groups:
(DS/TS) fraction due to diagnosis of interest in study group ---------- = ---------------------------------------------------------- (DR/TR) fraction due to diagnosis of interest in reference group
Notice that if the type of interest is common, say 1/2 of all cancers in the reference group (DR/TR = 1/2), then the PcMR can only go as large as 2, in the case where all cancers in the study group are due to the diagnosis of interest (DS/TS = 1). This limits the usefulness of the PcMR as a risk estimate to rare cancers.
MOR Morbidity Odds Ratio
The MOR is the ratio of the odds of observing the cancer of interest in the study group and the odds of observing the cancer of interest in the reference group:
(DS/(TS-DS)) odds for cancer of interest in study group ----------------- = ---------------------------------------------- (DR/(TR-DR)) odds for cancer of interest in reference group
Since the cancers of interest are subtracted out of total cancers, the upper limit of the MOR is not restricted by the prevalence of the cancer of interest. Further, there is no reason why the TR and TS should be limited to cancer, so long as they do not include other diagnoses that may be in excess in the study group.
Table 5
Adjustment of SIRs to Account for Ascertainment Bias:
1964-84 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Incidence for Underground Mining1 by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more from first exposure)
Lung Cancer Deaths | Lung Cancer SMR | Lung Cancer Cases | Lung Cancer SIR | ||||||||
Years Exposed (DOE) [1] |
Observed ALL [2] |
Observed Ex-ONT [3] |
% Ex-ONT [4] |
ALL [5] |
ONT only [6] |
Ratio [5]/[6] [7] |
Observed ONT [8] |
Observed Ex-ONT [9] |
Estimated Ex-ONT [10] |
Observed SIR [11] |
Adjusted SIR [12] |
00 < 01 | 36 | 11 | 31 | 97 | 65 | 1.48 | 33 | 9 | 15 | 68 | 100 |
01 < 02 | 31 | 8 | 26 | 129 | 93 | 1.40 | 28 | 9 | 10 | 88 | 123 |
02 - 04 | 29 | 8 | 28 | 92 | 65 | 1.42 | 33 | 6 | 13 | 80 | 113 |
05 - 09 | 34 | 6 | 18 | 124 | 99 | 1.26 | 34 | 5 | 7 | 95 | 120 |
10 - 14 | 16 | 1 | 6 | 86 | 77 | 1.12 | 20 | 0 | 1 | 84 | 93 |
15 - 19 | 23 | 1 | 4 | 102 | 95 | 1.08 | 34 | 0 | 2 | 116 | 125 |
20 - 24 | 35 | 1 | 3 | 110 | 104 | 1.05 | 44 | 1 | 1 | 108 | 114 |
25 - 29 | 46 | 2 | 4 | 126* | 117 | 1.07 | 70 | 0 | 3 | 153* | 164* |
30 - 34 | 53 | 2 | 4 | 178* | 169* | 1.05 | 59 | 1 | 2 | 161* | 170* |
35 + | 20 | 0 | 0 | 160* | 159* | 1.01 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 159* | 160* |
ALL | 323 | 40 | 12 | 119* | 101 | 1.17 | 379 | 31 | 54 | 109 | 128* |
* statistically significant at the 5% level (one sided)
1 underground production mining (hourly and foremen) for INCO and underground mining (exposed) for Falconbridge
Table 12
Combined Cohort: Never Sinter
Cause-Specific Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) and 95% Confidence Intervals
by Follow-up Period
1950-63 Period | 1964-84 Period | |||||
Cause of Death | Obs | Exp | SMR | Obs | Exp | SMR |
All Causes ICD 0-999 |
1523 | 1566.7 | 97 92 - 102 |
6984 | 6464.8 | 108 106 - 111 |
Circulatory Disease ICD 390-459 |
647 | 710.7 | 91 84 - 98 |
3192 | 2988.9 | 107 103 - 111 |
Accidents, Violence ICD 800-999 |
429 | 336.5 | 128 116 - 140 |
1222 | 853.2 | 143 135 - 152 |
Cancer ICD 140-208 |
271 | 253.3 | 107 95 - 121 |
1544 | 1504.5 | 103 98 - 108 |
Respiratory Disease ICD 460-519 |
48 | 66.3 | 72 53 - 96 |
359 | 350.7 | 102 92 - 114 |
Cirrhosis of Liver ICD 571 |
14 | 22.9 | 61 33 - 103 |
176 | 186.5 | 94 81 - 109 |
Nasal-related Cancer ICD 147, 160, 170.0 |
4 | 3.1 | 128 35 - 328 |
14 | 9.4 | 149 81 - 250 |
Larynx Cancer ICD 161 |
4 | 3.0 | 132 36 - 337 |
20 | 22.2 | 90 55 - 139 |
Lung Cancer ICD 162 |
75 | 54.3 | 138 109 - 173 |
555 | 493.1 | 113 103 - 122 |
YSFE: 0 - 14 years 87 - 256 |
15 | 9.7 | 155 87 - 256 |
20 | 18.5 | 108 66 - 167 |
YSFE: 15 + years | 60 | 44.7 | 134 103 - 173 |
535 | 474.6 | 113 103 - 123 |
Table 13
Combined Cohort: Any Sinter Cause-Specific Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) and 95% Confidence Intervals
by Follow-up Period
1950-63 Period | 1964-84 Period | |||||
Cause of Death | Obs | Exp | SMR | Obs | Exp | SMR |
All Causes ICD 0-999 |
193 | 188.5 | 102 88 - 118 |
779 | 647.7 | 120 112 - 129 |
Circulatory Disease ICD 390-459 |
79 | 89.2 | 89 70 - 110 |
373 | 312.2 | 120 108 - 132 |
Accidents, Violence ICD 800-999 |
38 | 36.2 | 105 74 - 144 |
84 | 68.8 | 122 97 - 151 |
Cancer ICD 140-208 |
54 | 31.5 | 172 129 - 224 |
234 | 153.0 | 153 134 - 174 |
Respiratory Disease ICD 460-519 |
6 | 8.3 | 73 27 - 158 |
28 | 36.4 | 77 51 - 111 |
Cirrhosis of Liver ICD 571 |
1 | 2.6 | 38 1 - 213 |
23 | 19.2 | 120 76 - 179 |
Nasal-related Cancer ICD 147, 160, 170.0 |
10 | 0.4 | 2643 1267 - 4860 |
20 | 1.0 | 2105 1286 - 3251 |
Larynx Cancer ICD 161 |
1 | 0.4 | 255 7 - 1424 |
0 | 2.3 | 0 0 - 160 |
Lung Cancer ICD 162 |
22 | 6.9 | 318 199 - 482 |
116 | 50.4 | 230 190 - 276 |
YSFE: 0 - 14 years | 2 | 1.6 | 124 15 - 449 |
3 | 1.9 | 155 32 - 453 |
YSFE: 15 + years | 20 | 5.3 | 377 230 - 582 |
113 | 48.5 | 233 192 - 280 |
Table 14
Combined Cohort: UG Production Mining (Never Sinter)
Cause-Specific Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) and 95% Confidence Intervals
by Follow-up Period
1950-63 Period | 1964-84 Period | |||||
Cause of Death | Obs | Exp | SMR | Obs | Exp | SMR |
All Causes ICD 0-999 |
762 | 751.1 | 102 94 - 109 |
4088 | 3617.1 | 113 110 - 117 |
Circulatory Disease ICD 390-459 |
274 | 316.9 | 87 77 - 97 |
1804 | 1650.4 | 109 104 - 115 |
Accidents, Violence ICD 800-999 |
289 | 185.9 | 155 138 - 174 |
824 | 491.7 | 168 156 - 179 |
Cancer ICD 140-208 |
119 | 117.9 | 101 84 - 121 |
890 | 852.6 | 104 98 - 112 |
Respiratory Disease ICD 460-519 |
18 | 29.8 | 61 36 - 96 |
194 | 186.9 | 104 90 - 120 |
Cirrhosis of Liver ICD 571 |
6 | 11.9 | 50 19 - 110 |
94 | 111.0 | 85 68 - 104 |
Nasal-related Cancer ICD 147, 160, 170.0 |
2 | 1.6 | 128 16 - 464 |
7 | 5.5 | 128 51 - 262 |
Larynx Cancer ICD 161 |
1 | 1.4 | 73 2 - 404 |
13 | 12.9 | 101 54 - 173 |
Lung Cancer ICD 162 |
33 | 25.0 | 132 91 - 185 |
334 | 283.2 | 118 106- 131 |
YSFE: 0 - 14 years | 8 | 5.5 | 146 63 - 288 |
12 | 11.3 | 106 55 - 185 |
YSFE: 15 + years | 25 | 19.5 | 128 83 - 187 |
322 | 271.9 | 118 106 - 132 |
Table 15
Combined Sudbury Cohort: Never UG Production Mining (Never Sinter)
Cause-Specific Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) and 95% Confidence Intervals
by Follow-up Period
1950-63 Period | 1964-84 Period | |||||
Cause of Death | Obs | Exp | SMR | Obs | Exp | SMR |
All Causes ICD 0-999 |
637 | 652.5 | 98 90 - 106 |
2409 | 2264.1 | 106 102 - 111 |
Circulatory Disease ICD 390-459 |
307 | 321.0 | 96 85 - 107 |
1143 | 1070.9 | 107 101 - 113 |
Accidents, Violence ICD 800-999 |
124 | 113.1 | 110 91 - 131 |
338 | 278.4 | 121 109 - 135 |
Cancer ICD 140-208 |
124 | 109.6 | 113 94 - 135 |
552 | 520.6 | 106 97 - 115 |
Respiratory Disease ICD 460-519 |
25 | 29.5 | 85 55 - 125 |
145 | 130.9 | 111 94 - 130 |
Cirrhosis of Liver ICD 571 |
8 | 8.9 | 90 39 - 176 |
64 | 60.0 | 107 82 - 136 |
Nasal-related Cancer ICD 147, 160, 170.0 |
1 | 1.3 | 80 2 - 445 |
5 | 3.1 | 162 53 - 378 |
Larynx Cancer ICD 161 |
3 | 1.4 | 221 46 - 645 |
4 | 7.5 | 53 15 - 136 |
Lung Cancer ICD 162 |
36 | 24.0 | 150 105 - 208 |
191 | 168.2 | 114 98 - 131 |
YSFE: 0 - 14 years | 7 | 3.9 | 180 73 - 372 |
9 | 6.4 | 141 65 - 268 |
YSFE: 15 + years | 29 | 20.1 | 144 97 - 207 |
182 | 161.8 | 113 97 - 130 |
Table 21
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(a) Sudbury Area Cohorts (Never Sinter) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
INCO: hourly and foremen | Falconbridge: exposed | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
OBS [7] |
SIR [8] |
CMF [9] |
PcMR [10] |
MOR [11] |
00 < 01 | 33 1(12) | 54 37 - 76 |
37 24 - 56 |
95 65 - 133 |
90 62 - 127 |
6 1(4) | 52 19 - 114 |
30 13 - 70 |
99 36 - 216 |
88 32 - 191 |
01 < 02 | 45 (10) | 76 56 - 102 |
55 35 - 89 |
124 91 - 166 |
125 91 - 168 |
8 (3) | 86 37 - 169 |
62 29 - 136 |
132 57 - 259 |
138 60 - 272 |
02 - 04 | 65 (6) | 80 61 - 101 |
62 45 - 87 |
114 88 - 145 |
118 91 - 150 |
8 (3) | 57 24 - 112 |
65 26 - 164 |
84 36 - 166 |
74 32 - 146 |
05 - 09 | 42 (8) | 70 51 - 95 |
62 37 - 102 |
97 70 - 131 |
94 67 - 126 |
10 (2) | 92 44 - 169 |
119 40 - 349 |
139 67 - 256 |
143 69 - 264 |
10 - 14 | 23 (3) | 68 43 - 103 |
63 38 - 105 |
85 54 -128 |
80 51 - 120 |
10 (1) | 106 51 - 196 |
74 35 - 156 |
122 58 - 224 |
116 56 -213 |
15 - 19 | 53 (2) | 105 79 - 138 |
74 54 - 102 |
97 73 - 127 |
98 74 - 129 |
15 (1) | 133 75 - 220 |
155 81 - 295 |
129 72 - 213 |
130 73 - 215 |
20 - 24 | 83 (3) | 105 83 - 130 |
105 83 - 132 |
112 89 - 139 |
111 89 - 138 |
14 (0) | 103 56 - 173 |
74 44 - 125 |
112 61 - 187 |
118 65 - 198 |
25 - 29 | 127 (3) | 109 91 - 130 |
105 87 -126 |
115 96 - 137 |
126 105 - 150 |
14 (0) | 105 58 - 177 |
84 47 - 149 |
128 70 - 214 |
133 73 - 224 |
30 - 34 | 152 (1) | 117 99 - 137 |
105 89 - 124 |
114 97 - 134 |
123 104 - 144 |
16 (0) | 166 95 - 270 |
165 98 - 276 |
130 75 - 212 |
153 88 - 249 |
35 + | 121 (0) | 134 112 - 161 |
150 110 - 205 |
124 103 - 148 |
134 111 - 160 |
7 (0) | 118 47 - 242 |
94 42 - 213 |
94 38 - 194 |
125 50 - 258 |
ALL | 744 (48) | 98 91 - 105 |
101 93 - 109 |
111 103 - 120 |
116 107 - 124 |
108 (14) | 99 81 - 120 |
99 78 - 126 |
118 96 - 142 |
122 100 - 147 |
Table 22
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(b) INCO Port Colborne Cohort (Never Sinter) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
INCO Port Colborne: hourly and foremen | |||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
00 < 01 | 1 1(0) | 37 1 - 205 |
19 3 - 136 |
59 2 - 330 |
50 1 -281 |
01 < 02 | 3 (0) | 167 34 - 487 |
966 142 - 6574 |
99 20 - 289 |
99 20 - 290 |
02 - 04 | 3 (0) | 83 17 - 242 |
31 10 - 101 |
81 17 - 236 |
71 15 - 208 |
05 - 09 | 2 (0) | 59 7 - 214 |
26 7 - 104 |
65 8 - 236 |
62 8 - 224 |
10 - 14 | 1 (0) | 38 1 - 212 |
27 4 - 192 |
61 2 - 337 |
52 1 - 292 |
15 - 19 | 4 (0) | 75 20 - 191 |
75 25 - 225 |
118 32 - 302 |
187 51 - 479 |
20 - 24 | 9 (0) | 122 56 - 231 |
137 69 - 270 |
117 54 - 222 |
166 76 - 316 |
25 - 29 | 9 (0) | 111 51 - 210 |
95 49 - 184 |
131 60 - 248 |
148 68 - 281 |
30 - 34 | 9 (0) | 99 45 - 188 |
104 53 - 206 |
102 47 - 194 |
84 38 - 159 |
35 + | 3 (0) | 39 8 - 114 |
37 11 - 126 |
57 12 - 166 |
40 8 -117 |
ALL | 44 (0) | 85 62 - 114 |
83 61 - 114 |
97 71 - 131 |
95 69 - 128 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 23
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(c) INCO Sintering - Copper Cliff and Port Colborne by Duration of Exposure
(10 /15 years or more since first exposed)
Copper Cliff Sinter Plant: hourly (10 or more YSFE) | Port Colborne L,C&S: hourly (15 or more YSFE) | |||||||||
DOE | OBS | SIR [2] |
CMF [3] |
PcMR [4] |
MOR [5] |
OBS [6] |
SIR [7] |
CMF [8] |
PcMR [9] |
MOR [10] |
< 1 mo | 2 1 (0) | 47 6 - 169 |
54 13 - 215 |
64 8 - 230 |
51 6 - 185 |
8 1 (0) | 133 57 - 262 |
161 68 - 379 |
137 59 - 269 |
146 63 - 287 |
1 < 3 mo | 14 (0) | 193 105 - 323 |
299 117 - 768 |
194 106 - 325 |
293 160 - 491 |
5 (0) | 83 27 - 195 |
135 49 - 372 |
86 28 - 200 |
136 44 - 317 |
3 < 6 mo | 7 (0) | 90 36 - 186 |
88 35 - 222 |
117 47 - 242 |
127 51 - 262 |
9 (0) | 228 104 - 433 |
226 106 - 484 |
220 101 - 417 |
448 205 - 850 |
6 < 12 mo | 15 (1) | 209 117 - 344 |
152 85 - 271 |
201 113 - 332 |
334 187 - 551 |
9 (0) | 186 85 - 352 |
231 106 - 503 |
203 93 - 385 |
368 168 - 698 |
01 < 02 | 12 (0) | 228 118 - 398 |
164 88 - 307 |
168 87 - 294 |
291 151 - 509 |
5 (0) | 126 41 - 294 |
117 49 - 282 |
108 35 - 252 |
143 46 - 333 |
02 - 04 | 12 (1) | 308 159 - 538 |
368 124 - 1094 |
236 122 - 413 |
528 273 - 921 |
9 (1) | 138 63 - 262 |
147 73 - 299 |
134 61 - 254 |
125 57 - 237 |
05 - 09 | 15 (5) | 457 256 - 754 |
285 162 - 502 |
268 150 - 443 |
997 558 - 1644 |
16 (0) | 298 170 - 484 |
265 160 - 441 |
181 104 - 295 |
290 166 - 471 |
10 - 19 | 31 (0) | 729 496 - 1035 |
560 390 - 804 |
295 200 - 418 |
1721 1170 - 2443 |
4 (0) | 167 45 - 427 |
275 75 - 1012 |
140 38 - 360 |
235 64 - 602 |
20 + | 8 (0) | 400 173 - 788 |
454 183 - 1127 |
168 73 - 331 |
232 100 - 457 |
|||||
ALL | 108 (7) | 250 205 - 302 |
206 160 - 265 |
207 170 - 250 |
380 312 - 459 |
73 (1) | 178 139 - 224 |
196 153 - 252 |
152 119 - 191 |
209 163 - 262 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 24
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(d) Copper Cliff Sinter Plant - Early versus Late First Exposure by Duration of Exposure
(10 years or more since first exposed)
First Exposed before 1952 (hourly) | First Exposed 1952 or later (hourly) | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
OBS [7] |
SIR [8] |
CMF [9] |
PcMR [10] |
MOR [11] |
< 1 mo | 2 1(0) | 53 7 - 193 |
64 16 - 258 |
68 8 - 246 |
55 7 - 199 |
2 1(0) | 88 11 - 317 |
440 67 - 2878 |
147 18 - 532 |
143 17 - 515 |
1 < 3 mo | 12 (0) | 214 111 - 374 |
195 105 - 361 |
198 102 - 346 |
328 169 - 572 |
|||||
3 < 6 mo | 6 (0) | 108 40 - 235 |
101 40 - 259 |
121 44 - 262 |
138 51 - 301 |
2 (0) | 51 6 - 182 |
12 3 - 47 |
93 11 - 334 |
73 9 - 265 |
6 < 12 mo | 14 (1) | 262 143 - 440 |
191 107 - 338 |
223 122 - 375 |
477 261 - 801 |
|||||
01 < 02 | 9 (0) | 234 107 - 445 |
143 71 - 288 |
186 85 - 352 |
421 192 - 799 |
3 (0) | 210 43 - 613 |
440 105 - 1849 |
131 27 - 383 |
151 31 - 442 |
02 - 04 | 10 (1) | 445 213 - 818 |
498 204 - 1216 |
245 118 - 451 |
526 252 - 968 |
2 (0) | 121 15 -439 |
112 28 - 453 |
200 24 - 722 |
533 65 - 1925 |
05 - 09 | 10 (5) | 490 235 - 901 |
326 166 - 642 |
252 121 - 462 |
1272 610 - 2340 |
5 (0) | 337 110 - 787 |
392 113 - 1362 |
269 87 - 627 |
695 226 - 1622 |
10 + | 31 (0) | 773 525 - 1097 |
620 430 - 895 |
302 205 - 429 |
1721 1170 - 2443 |
|||||
ALL | 94 (7) | 290 235 - 355 |
217 170 - 276 |
217 175 - 265 |
444 358 - 543 |
14 (0) | 130 71 - 217 |
292 88 - 968 |
161 88 - 271 |
194 106 - 326 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 25
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(e) Other Sintering - Falconbridge and Coniston Sinter Plants (Never CCSP or L,C&S Exposed) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years of more since first exposed)
Falconbridge Sinter Plant | INCO Coniston Sinter Plant: hourly | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
OBS [7] |
SIR [8] |
CMF [9] |
PcMR [10] |
MOR [11] |
< 3 mo | 6 1(0) | 149 55 - 325 |
109 41 - 290 |
171 63 - 371 |
200 73 - 435 |
|||||
3 < 6 mo | 5 (0) | 169 55 - 395 |
205 73 - 581 |
173 56 - 404 |
221 72 - 517 |
1 1(0) | 79 2 - 439 |
364 51 - 2585 |
103 3 - 571 |
94 2 - 524 |
6 < 12 mo | 6 (0) | 104 38 - 225 |
68 29 - 156 |
160 59 - 349 |
163 60 - 354 |
|||||
01 < 02 | 9 (0) | 124 57 - 236 |
108 48 - 247 |
112 51 - 212 |
103 47 - 196 |
2 (0) | 179 22 - 647 |
72 15 - 340 |
130 16 - 469 |
121 15 - 437 |
02 - 04 | 12 (0) | 180 93 - 315 |
182 92 - 359 |
134 69 - 234 |
143 74 - 251 |
|||||
05 - 09 | 3 (0) | 93 19 - 272 |
93 29 - 300 |
80 17 - 234 |
70 14 - 203 |
2 (0) | 461 56 - 1665 |
495 118 - 2084 |
260 32 - 940 |
491 60 - 1774 |
10 + | 4 (0) | 194 53 - 496 |
129 48 - 345 |
143 39 - 366 |
171 47 - 437 |
2 (0) | 162 20 - 585 |
106 26 - 428 |
92 11 - 332 |
66 8 - 239 |
ALL | 45 (0) | 141 103 - 189 |
151 106 - 215 |
134 97 - 179 |
138 100 - 184 |
7 (0) | 173 69 - 356 |
155 70 - 344 |
128 52 - 264 |
114 46 - 234 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 26
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(f) INCO - Falconbridge Underground Production Mining2 (Never Sinter)
by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
INCO - Falconbridge Underground Mining | |||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
00 < 01 | 51 1(11) | 62 46 - 82 |
58 40 - 83 |
94 70 - 124 |
90 67 - 118 |
01 < 02 | 43 (9) | 79 57 - 106 |
116 54 - 246 |
123 89 - 166 |
128 93 - 173 |
02 - 04 | 53 (8) | 77 58 - 100 |
82 57 - 119 |
109 82 - 142 |
114 85 - 149 |
05 - 09 | 55 (6) | 97 73 - 127 |
92 64 - 134 |
117 88 - 152 |
125 94 - 163 |
10 - 14 | 31 (1) | 86 58 - 122 |
84 56 - 126 |
101 69 - 143 |
99 67 - 140 |
15 - 19 | 49 (1) | 118 87 - 156 |
115 80 - 165 |
115 85 - 152 |
109 81 - 144 |
20 - 24 | 58 (1) | 106 81 - 137 |
113 82 - 155 |
114 87 - 148 |
122 93 - 158 |
25 - 29 | 89 (1) | 142 114 - 174 |
136 104 - 178 |
133 107 - 163 |
148 119 - 183 |
30 - 34 | 79 (1) | 139 110 - 173 |
130 103 - 165 |
127 100 - 158 |
138 110 - 172 |
35 + | 40 (0) | 171 122 - 233 |
294 140 - 614 |
129 92 - 176 |
142 102 - 194 |
ALL | 548 (39) | 102 94 - 111 |
112 100 - 127 |
117 107 - 127 |
122 112 - 133 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
2 underground production mining (hourly and foremen) for INCO and underground mining (exposed) for Falconbridge
Table 27
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(g) INCO and Falconbridge Underground Mining (Never Sinter) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
INCO Underground Production Mining: hourly and foremen | Falconbridge Underground Mining: exposed | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
OBS [7] |
SIR [8] |
CMF [9] |
PcMR [10] |
MOR [11] |
00 < 01 | 52 1(8) | 66 49 - 86 |
61 42 - 87 |
98 73 - 129 |
95 71 - 124 |
6 1(4) | 59 22 - 129 |
31 14 - 71 |
107 39 - 233 |
98 36 - 213 |
01 < 02 | 43 (7) | 82 59 - 110 |
118 56 - 249 |
119 86 - 160 |
121 88 - 164 |
7 (3) | 94 38 - 194 |
61 27 - 137 |
183 73 - 376 |
237 95 - 488 |
02 - 04 | 55 (6) | 86 65 - 111 |
80 58 - 109 |
118 89 - 154 |
125 94 - 162 |
6 (1) | 57 21 - 124 |
92 28 - 302 |
74 27 - 161 |
69 25 - 151 |
05 - 09 | 47 (4) | 95 70 - 126 |
90 61 - 134 |
106 78 - 141 |
108 80 - 144 |
9 (2) | 106 49 - 202 |
141 48 - 419 |
183 84 - 347 |
256 117 - 487 |
10 - 14 | 23 (1) | 81 51 - 121 |
81 52 - 127 |
94 59 - 141 |
93 59 - 139 |
7 (0) | 100 40 - 205 |
55 26 - 118 |
119 48 - 245 |
101 41 - 208 |
15 - 19 | 37 (0) | 108 76 - 149 |
107 71 - 162 |
110 77 - 151 |
104 73 - 144 |
11 (1) | 148 74 - 264 |
143 70 - 292 |
120 60 - 215 |
116 58 - 208 |
20 - 24 | 51 (1) | 111 82 - 145 |
114 82 - 158 |
116 87 - 153 |
123 92 - 162 |
12 (0) | 135 70 - 236 |
144 62 - 336 |
140 72 - 244 |
197 102 - 343 |
25 - 29 | 71 (1) | 132 103 - 167 |
132 98 - 178 |
129 101 - 163 |
143 111 - 180 |
14 (0) | 158 87 - 266 |
118 68 - 204 |
131 72 - 220 |
138 76 - 232 |
30 - 34 | 65 (1) | 133 103 - 169 |
122 94 - 158 |
120 92 - 152 |
128 99 - 163 |
13 (0) | 184 98 - 314 |
206 113 - 379 |
183 98 - 313 |
255 136 - 435 |
35 + | 36 (0) | 178 125 - 246 |
327 150 - 712 |
138 96 - 190 |
157 110 - 217 |
4 (0) | 135 37 - 345 |
124 43 - 360 |
92 25 - 237 |
85 23 - 218 |
ALL | 480 (29) | 101 92 - 110 |
112 98 - 127 |
115 105 - 126 |
119 109 - 130 |
89 (11) | 113 91 - 139 |
122 88 - 168 |
131 105 - 161 |
140 112 - 172 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 28
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) SIRs and CMFs:
(h) INCO Underground Production Mining: hourly and foremen (Never Sinter)
by Decade of First Exposure and Duration of Exposure
(15 years of more since first exposed)
First Exposed before 1930 | First Exposed 1930-39 | First Exposed 1940-49 | First Exposed 1950-59 | First Exposed 1960 or later | |||||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
OBS [5] |
SIR [6] |
CMF [7] |
OBS [8] |
SIR [9] |
CMF [10] |
OBS [11] |
SIR [12] |
CMF [13] |
OBS [14] |
SIR [15] |
CMF [16] |
00 < 01 | 3 1(0) | 245 | 151 | 6 1(1) | 73 | 44 | 21 1(3) | 78 | 56 | 19 1(3) | 53 | 36 | 3 1(1) | 46 | 3 |
01 < 02 | 2 (0) | 300 | 207 | 2 (0) | 47 | 35 | 14 (3) | 88 | 75 | 16 (3) | 59 | 77 | 9 (1) | 195* | 263 |
02 - 04 | 3 (0) | 297 | 400* | 10 (0) | 118 | 74 | 28 (4) | 107 | 95 | 10 (2) | 43 | 21 | 4 (0) | 76 | 32 |
05 - 09 | 1 (0) | 93 | 316 | 11 (2) | 94 | 84 | 16 (2) | 106 | 76 | 18 (0) | 93 | 54 | 1 (0) | 43 | 74 |
10 - 14 | 3 (0) | 195 | 269 | 4 (0) | 49 | 30 | 6 (0) | 79 | 169 | 8 (1) | 87 | 92 | 2 (0) | 105 | 252 |
15 - 19 | 1 (0) | 67 | 59 | 6 (0) | 101 | 173 | 14 (0) | 148 | 131 | 10 (0) | 73 | 42 | 6 (0) | 169 | 93 |
20 - 24 | 4 (0) | 208 | 135 | 7 (0) | 85 | 68 | 22 (0) | 115 | 110 | 17 (0) | 109 | 268 | 1 (0) | 94 | 16 |
25 - 29 | 4 (0) | 121 | 79 | 21 (1) | 159* | 174* | 28 (0) | 124 | 115 | 18 (0) | 124 | 105 | |||
30 - 34 | 12 (0) | 205* | 131 | 22 (1) | 128 | 105 | 17 (0) | 99 | 62 | 14 (0) | 162* | 321* | |||
35 + | 11 (0) | 202* | 252* | 13 (1) | 155* | 239 | 12 (0) | 187* | 211* | ||||||
ALL | 44 (0) | 187* | 170* | 102 (6) | 109 | 91 | 178 (12) | 107 | 94 | 130 (9) | 78 | 78 | 26 (2) | 103 | 70 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
* statistically significant at the 5% level (one-sided)
Table 30
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) SIRs and CMFs:
(j) Falconbridge Underground Mining (Never Sinter)
by Decade by First Exposure and Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
First Exposed before 1940 | First Exposed 1940-49 | First Exposed 1950-59 | First Exposed 1960 or later | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
OBS [5] |
SIR [6] |
CMF [7] |
OBS [8] |
SIR [9] |
CMF [10] |
OBS [11] |
SIR [12] |
CMF [13] |
00 < 01 | 0 1(0) | 0 | 0 | 1 1(0) | 63 | 47 | 4 1(3) | 61 | 27 | 1 1(1) | 59 | 104 |
01 < 02 | 1 (0) | 775 | 584 | 3 (1) | 203 | 156 | 3 (2) | 66 | 31 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 |
02 - 04 | 1 (0) | 352 | 132 | 3 (0) | 114 | 91 | 2 (1) | 36 | 27 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 |
05 - 09 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) | 38 | 75 | 7 (1) | 165 | 182 | 1 (0) | 88 | 25 |
10 - 14 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 3 (0) | 79 | 59 | 4 (0) | 319* | 144 |
15 - 19 | 1 (0) | 198 | 174 | 2 (1) | 140 | 92 | 2 (0) | 61 | 161 | 6 (0) | 269* | 268* |
20 - 24 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 3 (0) | 121 | 111 | 8 (0) | 147 | 106 | 1 (0) | 131 | 44 |
25 - 29 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 8 (0) | 199* | 128 | 6 (0) | 157 | 109 | |||
30 - 34 | 4 (0) | 217 | 159 | 8 (0) | 215* | 236* | 1 (0) | 67 | 26 | |||
35 + | 2 (0) | 81 | 45 | 2 (0) | 398 | 175 | ||||||
ALL | 9 (0) | 118 | 108 | 31 (3) | 141* | 140 | 36 (7) | 93 | 69 | 13 (1) | 124 | 67 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
* statistically significant at the 5% level (one-sided)
Table 32
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(l) INCO - Falconbridge Milling (Never Sinter)
by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
INCO - Falconbridge Mills: hourly, foremen and exposed | |||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
00 < 01 | 31 1(1) | 93 63 - 132 |
96 56 - 165 |
113 77 - 161 |
116 79 - 165 |
01 < 02 | 18 (1) | 171 101 - 270 |
150 82 - 275 |
164 97 - 260 |
212 126 - 335 |
02 - 04 | 15 (0) | 116 65 - 192 |
156 66 - 367 |
121 68 - 200 |
132 74 - 217 |
05 - 09 | 7 (0) | 83 33 - 170 |
87 39 - 195 |
109 44 - 224 |
88 35 - 180 |
10 - 14 | 4 (0) | 86 24 - 221 |
238 57 - 1000 |
106 29 - 271 |
97 26 - 248 |
15 - 19 | 5 (0) | 109 35 - 253 |
159 65 - 386 |
85 28 - 199 |
82 27 - 191 |
20 - 24 | 10 (0) | 163 78 - 300 |
156 82 - 298 |
128 61 - 235 |
148 71 - 272 |
25 - 29 | 5 (0) | 70 23 - 163 |
117 33 - 408 |
95 31 - 222 |
116 38 - 271 |
30 - 34 | 3 (0) | 63 13 - 184 |
62 19 - 196 |
64 13 - 187 |
65 13 - 190 |
35 + | 6 (0) | 153 56 - 333 |
142 58 - 350 |
108 40 -236 |
115 42 - 249 |
ALL | 104 (2) | 108 88 - 131 |
109 87 - 137 |
115 94 - 140 |
121 99 - 147 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 33
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(m) INCO and Falconbridge Milling (Never Sinter) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
INCO Mills: hourly and foremen | Falconbridge Mills: exposed | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
OBS [7] |
SIR [8] |
CMF [9] |
PcMR [10] |
MOR [11] |
00 < 01 | 30 1(1) | 99 67 - 141 |
101 58 - 173 |
113 76 - 161 |
114 77 - 163 |
|||||
01 < 02 | 16 (0) | 180 103 - 293 |
155 84 - 287 |
173 99 - 281 |
229 131 - 372 |
5 1(1) | 73 24 - 171 |
87 20 - 331 |
99 32 - 232 |
95 31 - 223 |
02 - 04 | 14 (0) | 132 72 - 221 |
182 79 - 420 |
135 74 - 227 |
165 90 - 278 |
|||||
05 - 09 | 7 (0) | 99 40 - 204 |
107 48 - 240 |
123 50 -254 |
104 42 - 214 |
1 (0) | 45 1 - 252 |
101 14 - 718 |
87 2 - 484 |
62 2 - 344 |
10 - 14 | 3 (0) | 81 17 - 236 |
242 55 - 1074 |
89 18 - 259 |
80 16 - 233 |
|||||
15 - 19 | 5 (0) | 134 43 - 312 |
193 80 - 468 |
89 29 - 207 |
82 27 - 191 |
|||||
20 - 24 | 9 (0) | 175 80 - 333 |
167 82 - 338 |
137 63 - 260 |
175 80 - 333 |
|||||
25 - 29 | 5 (0) | 82 27 - 190 |
142 40 - 508 |
109 36 - 255 |
134 44 - 313 |
1 (0) | 23 1 - 128 |
74 10 - 523 |
22 1 - 120 |
21 1 - 116 |
30 - 34 | 3 (0) | 72 15 - 210 |
71 22 - 228 |
82 17 - 239 |
102 21 - 298 |
|||||
35 + | 6 (0) | 209 77 - 455 |
206 86 - 493 |
147 54 - 321 |
138 51 - 300 |
|||||
ALL | 98 (1) | 118 96 - 144 |
120 96 - 151 |
123 100 - 150 |
132 107 - 160 |
7 (1) | 52 21 - 108 |
43 20 - 92 |
65 26 - 133 |
60 24 - 124 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 34
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95 % Confidence Intervals:
(n) INCO - Falconbridge Smelting (Never Sinter)
by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
INCO - Falconbridge Smelters: hourly, foremen and exposed | |||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
00 < 01 | 66 1(6) | 79 61 - 100 |
69 52 - 92 |
100 77 - 127 |
94 73 - 120 |
01 < 02 | 32 (4) | 107 73 - 151 |
172 90 - 328 |
138 94 - 195 |
148 101 - 209 |
02 - 04 | 42 (2) | 93 67 - 126 |
87 57 - 134 |
113 82 - 153 |
120 86 - 162 |
05 - 09 | 25 (1) | 76 49 - 112 |
83 50 - 138 |
82 53 - 121 |
80 52 - 118 |
10 - 14 | 21 (1) | 118 73 - 181 |
100 63 - 158 |
112 69 - 171 |
118 73 - 180 |
15 - 19 | 20 (1) | 93 57 - 144 |
91 56 - 147 |
88 54 - 135 |
91 56 - 141 |
20 - 24 | 29 (1) | 94 63 - 135 |
84 58 - 121 |
93 62 - 133 |
92 62 - 132 |
25 - 29 | 26 (2) | 89 58 - 131 |
98 65 - 149 |
109 71 - 159 |
122 80 - 179 |
30 - 34 | 32 (0) | 111 76 - 156 |
103 72 - 148 |
106 73 - 150 |
114 78 - 160 |
35 + | 25 (0) | 101 66 - 149 |
86 51 - 144 |
124 80 - 183 |
131 85 - 193 |
ALL | 318 (18) | 92 82 - 103 |
91 81 - 103 |
105 93 - 117 |
107 95 - 119 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 35
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(o) INCO Copper Cliff and Coniston Smelters (Never Sinter) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
Copper Cliff Smelter: hourly and foremen | Coniston Smelter: hourly and foremen | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
OBS [7] |
SIR [8] |
CMF [9] |
PcMR [10] |
MOR [11] |
00 < 01 | 69 1(8) | 83 64 - 105 |
109 56 - 213 |
103 80 - 130 |
99 77 - 125 |
9 1(0) | 76 35 - 144 |
197 49 - 787 |
100 46 - 190 |
91 42 - 173 |
01 < 02 | 32 (4) | 110 75 - 155 |
161 91 - 284 |
138 94 - 194 |
153 104 - 215 |
3 (0) | 67 14 - 195 |
28 9 - 90 |
102 21 - 299 |
89 18 - 259 |
02 - 04 | 42 (2) | 97 70 - 131 |
83 58 - 119 |
112 81 - 152 |
118 85 - 159 |
5 (1) | 77 25 - 179 |
60 20 - 182 |
114 37 - 266 |
185 60 - 432 |
05 - 09 | 25 (0) | 80 52 - 118 |
87 54 - 140 |
86 56 - 127 |
85 55 - 125 |
3 (0) | 73 15 - 212 |
142 34 - 601 |
54 11 - 158 |
47 10 - 137 |
10 - 14 | 17 (0) | 102 59 - 163 |
87 52 - 145 |
106 62 - 170 |
113 66 - 181 |
3 (1) | 108 22 - 316 |
100 31 - 327 |
127 26 - 370 |
121 25 - 354 |
15 - 19 | 21 (1) | 107 66 - 163 |
103 65 - 165 |
98 61 - 150 |
105 65 - 160 |
2 (0) | 58 7 - 208 |
23 6 - 92 |
56 7 - 201 |
52 6 - 189 |
20 - 24 | 27 (1) | 98 65 - 143 |
91 62 - 134 |
101 67 - 148 |
105 69 - 153 |
1 (0) | 35 1 - 197 |
18 3 - 127 |
38 1 - 211 |
31 1 - 172 |
25 - 29 | 24 (2) | 91 59 - 136 |
101 65 - 157 |
114 73 - 169 |
129 82 - 191 |
3 (0) | 181 37 - 530 |
171 45 - 655 |
114 23 - 332 |
94 19 - 274 |
30 - 34 | 27 (0) | 112 74 - 163 |
107 107 - 158 |
112 74 - 163 |
128 84 - 186 |
2 (0) | 74 9 - 268 |
32 8 - 128 |
69 8 - 248 |
55 7 - 199 |
35 + | 22 (0) | 107 67 - 162 |
88 52 - 149 |
122 76 - 184 |
130 82 - 198 |
2 (0) | 74 9 - 269 |
100 25 - 402 |
112 14 - 406 |
101 12 - 363 |
ALL | 306 (18) | 95 85 - 106 |
94 83 - 107 |
108 96 - 121 |
112 100 - 125 |
33 (2) | 77 53 - 107 |
80 54 - 119 |
87 60 - 123 |
81 56 - 114 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 36
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(p) Falconbridge Smelter (Two Versions) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
Falconbridge Smelter (Never Sinter) | Falconbridge Smelter (including FALC Sinter Plant) | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
OBS [7] |
SIR [8] |
CMF [9] |
PcMR [10] |
MOR [11] |
00 < 01 | 11 1(0) | 125 63 - 224 |
79 40 - 156 |
170 85 - 305 |
181 90 - 324 |
|||||
01 < 02 | 0 1(0) | 0 0 - 195 |
? | 0 0 - 516 |
0 0 - 301 |
2 (0) | 43 5 - 155 |
25 6 - 101 |
47 6 - 171 |
35 4 - 127 |
02 - 04 | 9 (0) | 177 81 - 335 |
214 87 - 530 |
185 85 - 351 |
235 107 - 446 |
|||||
05 - 09 | 9 (0) | 294 135 - 558 |
293 131 - 655 |
182 83 - 346 |
265 121 - 503 |
|||||
10 - 14 | 3 (0) | 194 40 - 567 |
66 21 - 205 |
164 34 - 480 |
87 2 - 484 |
2 (0) | 75 9 - 270 |
45 10 - 202 |
143 17 - 516 |
163 20 - 590 |
15 - 19 | 2 (0) | 83 10 - 299 |
30 8 - 122 |
54 7 - 193 |
47 6 - 169 |
|||||
20 - 24 | 4 (0) | 135 37 - 347 |
119 42 - 340 |
213 58 - 544 |
273 74 - 698 |
|||||
25 - 29 | 0 (0) | 0 0 - 212 |
? | 0 0 - 263 |
0 0 - 245 |
3 (0) | 86 18 - 250 |
58 17 - 194 |
66 14 - 194 |
53 11 - 156 |
30 - 34 | 6 (0) | 203 75 - 443 |
205 79 - 530 |
116 43 - 253 |
148 55 - 323 |
|||||
35 + | 1 (0) | 76 2 - 422 |
37 5 - 260 |
75 2 - 418 |
63 2 - 353 |
|||||
ALL | 3 (0) | 58 12 - 169 |
66 21 - 205 |
76 16 - 222 |
77 16 - 226 |
49 (0) | 131 97 - 173 |
132 95 - 182 |
127 94 - 168 |
132 97 - 174 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 37
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(q) INCO Copper Cliff Copper Refinery and Tankhouse (Never Sinter) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
Copper Refinery: hourly and foremen | Copper Refinery Tankhouse: hourly and foremen | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
OBS [7] |
SIR [8] |
CMF [9] |
PcMR [10] |
MOR [11] |
00 < 01 | 16 1(1) | 93 53 - 151 |
65 37 - 115 |
135 77 - 219 |
144 82 - 234 |
8 1(1) | 126 54 - 248 |
210 64 - 682 |
136 59 - 267 |
137 59 - 269 |
01 < 02 | 9 (1) | 158 72 - 301 |
176 66 - 469 |
154 71 - 293 |
178 81 - 337 |
11 (0) | 64 2 - 354 |
116 16 - 824 |
57 2 - 320 |
43 1 - 239 |
02 - 04 | 4 (0) | 70 19 - 180 |
100 32 - 307 |
97 26 - 248 |
91 25 - 232 |
3 (0) | 175 36 - 511 |
354 71 - 1769 |
168 35 - 491 |
188 39 - 549 |
05 - 09 | 3 (0) | 71 15 - 208 |
70 22 - 219 |
84 17 - 244 |
79 16 - 230 |
2 (0) | 123 15 - 445 |
103 26 - 414 |
140 17 - 506 |
126 15 - 454 |
10 - 14 | 1 (1) | 30 1 - 169 |
41 6 - 291 |
37 1 - 209 |
30 1 - 166 |
0 (0) | 0 0 - 243 |
0 | 0 0 - 510 |
0 0 - 438 |
15 - 19 | 4 (0) | 96 26 - 246 |
74 27 - 207 |
102 28 - 260 |
110 30 - 283 |
1 (0) | 73 2 - 404 |
551 78 - 3911 |
49 1 - 275 |
37 1 - 208 |
20 - 24 | 4 (1) | 75 21 - 193 |
54 20 - 145 |
82 22 - 209 |
71 19 - 182 |
2 (0) | 156 19 - 562 |
131 32 - 545 |
166 20 - 601 |
167 20 - 604 |
25 - 29 | 11 (1) | 173 86 - 309 |
143 76 - 267 |
154 77 - 276 |
165 82 - 294 |
1 (0) | 73 2 - 404 |
237 33 - 1681 |
69 2 - 387 |
81 2 - 450 |
30 - 34 | 9 (0) | 124 57 - 236 |
98 48 - 199 |
132 60 - 250 |
139 63 - 263 |
4 (0) | 238 65 - 610 |
300 83 - 1081 |
252 69 - 646 |
488 133 - 1251 |
35 + | 10 (0) | 247 119 - 455 |
222 113 - 436 |
205 99 - 378 |
340 163 - 626 |
|||||
ALL | 71 (5) | 112 88 - 142 |
115 90 - 147 |
127 99 - 161 |
134 104 - 169 |
22 (1) | 119 75 - 180 |
121 78 - 187 |
123 77 - 187 |
121 76 - 184 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 38
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95 % Confidence Intervals:
(r) INCO Iron Ore Recovery Plant (Never Sinter) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
Iron Ore Recovery Plant hourly and foremen | |||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
00 < 01 | 15 1(1) | 128 72 - 211 |
111 55 - 222 |
134 75 - 221 |
160 90 - 264 |
01 < 02 | 1 (0) | 29 1 - 164 |
22 3 - 159 |
60 2 - 335 |
54 1 - 299 |
02 - 04 | 4 (0) | 105 29 - 270 |
161 39 - 655 |
116 32 - 296 |
114 31 - 292 |
05 - 09 | 6 (0) | 232 85 - 505 |
176 75 - 412 |
155 57 - 337 |
182 67 - 397 |
10 - 14 | 1 (0) | 30 1 - 167 |
36 5 - 252 |
24 1 - 134 |
22 1 - 123 |
15 - 19 | 3 (0) | 110 23 - 322 |
88 26 - 301 |
74 15 - 215 |
91 19 - 267 |
20 - 24 | 1 (0) | 56 1 - 312 |
27 4 - 188 |
70 2 - 388 |
47 1 - 264 |
25 + | 1 (0) | 129 3 - 721 |
109 15 - 772 |
58 2 - 322 |
52 1 - 291 |
ALL | 32 (1) | 106 73 - 150 |
101 51 - 201 |
100 69 - 142 |
106 72 - 149 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Table 39
1964-89 Lung Cancer (ICD9 162) Risk Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals:
(s) INCO Transportation & Maintenance Personnel (Never Sinter) by Duration of Exposure
(15 years or more since first exposed)
All INCO Transportation & Maintenance: hourly and foremen | INCO Mine Transportation & Maintenance: hourly and foremen | |||||||||
DOE [1] |
OBS [2] |
SIR [3] |
CMF [4] |
PcMR [5] |
MOR [6] |
OBS [7] |
SIR [8] |
CMF [9] |
PcMR [10] |
MOR [11] |
00 < 01 | 43 1(2) | 95 68 - 127 |
103 70 - 150 |
121 88 - 164 |
126 91 - 170 |
18 1(0) | 87 51 - 137 |
137 63 - 298 |
103 61 - 163 |
104 62 - 165 |
01 < 02 | 18 (0) | 110 65 - 174 |
107 64 - 179 |
140 83 - 221 |
154 91 - 243 |
12 (0) | 145 75 - 253 |
138 70 - 272 |
186 96 - 325 |
330 171 - 577 |
02 - 04 | 20 (0) | 93 57 - 143 |
95 59 - 151 |
92 56 - 142 |
83 50 - 127 |
9 (0) | 75 34 - 142 |
70 36 - 137 |
71 32 - 134 |
66 30 - 124 |
05 - 09 | 9 (1) | 44 20 - 83 |
46 23 - 96 |
53 24 - 101 |
41 19 - 79 |
10 (1) | 89 43 - 164 |
85 49 - 148 |
101 48 - 185 |
87 42 - 161 |
10 - 14 | 21 (1) | 109 68 - 167 |
99 64 - 153 |
109 67 - 167 |
111 69 - 170 |
12 (0) | 105 54 - 183 |
110 56 - 216 |
119 61 - 207 |
120 62 - 210 |
15 - 19 | 26 (2) | 108 71 - 158 |
104 69 - 157 |
106 69 - 155 |
112 73 - 164 |
7 (0) | 74 30 - 153 |
64 30 - 138 |
76 30 - 156 |
67 27 - 138 |
20 - 24 | 34 (0) | 104 72 - 146 |
105 74 - 150 |
105 73 - 146 |
113 78 - 158 |
15 (0) |
153 86 - 253 |
140 82 - 238 |
140 78 - 231 |
171 96 - 282 |
25 - 29 | 37 (1) | 107 75 - 148 |
101 73 - 141 |
106 75 - 147 |
122 86 - 168 |
9 (0) | 98 45 - 186 |
87 42 - 179 |
80 36 - 151 |
95 43 - 179 |
30 - 34 | 22 (0) | 87 54 - 131 |
85 55 - 132 |
91 57 - 138 |
101 63 - 152 |
9 (0) | 99 45 - 188 |
88 35 - 221 |
109 50 - 206 |
130 59 - 247 |
35 + | 10 (0) | 56 27 - 102 |
45 23 - 88 |
69 33 - 127 |
60 29 - 111 |
|||||
ALL | 240 (7) | 93 82 - 106 |
92 81 - 105 |
101 89 - 115 |
103 90 - 117 |
101 (1) | 100 81 - 121 |
102 82 - 126 |
105 85 - 128 |
110 90 - 134 |
1 number of ex-ONT cases in the brackets
Mr. Glen Wright
Chairman
Workers' Compensation Board
200 Front Street West, 18th floor
Toronto, Ontario
M5V 3J1
Dear Mr. Wright,
I enclose a copy of the Panel's Report No. 12A, "Addendum to IDSP Report no. 12, Report to The Workers' Compensation Board on lung cancer in the Hardrock Mining Industry".
I would be pleased to discuss the Report with you. Please let me know when it would be convenient to do so.
Sincerely,
Nicolette Carlan
Chair
1. The SIR is the ratio of the observed number of site-specific cases of cancer which occurred in the cohort divided by the expected number of cases in the cohort (times 100).
2. In the McMaster report, both one-sided p-values and 95% confidence intervals were used. The one- sided p-value was used primarily as a screening tool to highlight the significant SIR estimates.
3. leaching, calcining and sintering
4. Tests for trend are carried out to see if the pattern of increasing risk parallels another variable, in this case, duration of exposure. Trends, like SIRs, can be either statistically or not-statistically significant.
5. INCO began operations in 1902 and Falconbridge in 1929, hence the Falconbridge tables by decade of first exposure start "pre-1940" rather than "pre-1930".
6. The exact number of personnel excluded was unobtainable. This is an approximate number based on available data and calculated by ODP staff.